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181.

Social scientists are engaging in research when they study advertising's contribution to the creation of a consumer culture.

A.	Critical	B.	Ritual
C.	Micro-level	D.	Transmissional

182.

An individual who believes that a breakdown of traditional values will be the inevitable result of the spread of the Internet is said to believe in:

A.	Manifest destiny	B.	Technological despotism
C.	Latent destiny	D.	Technological determinism

183.

The purchase of 20th Century Fox by Australian company News Corp is an example of:

A.	Audience fragmentation	B.	Erosion of distinctions among media
C.	Concentration of media ownership	D.	Globalization of media

184.

You are most likely to find a griot in:

A.	Dominant cultures	B.	Bounded cultures
C.	Literate cultures	D.	Preliterate cultures

185.

In oral or preliterate cultures:

A.	Myth and history are intertwined	B.	Language is very general
C.	There is a clear division of labour among members	D.	Memory is devalued

186.

In literate cultures:

A.	Myth and history are interwined	B.	Role and status are rigidly defined
C.	There is a clear division of labour among members	D.	Elders are revered for their experience

187.

Gutenberg was a by trade:

A.	Goldsmith and metallurgist	B.	Merchant
C.	Painter	D.	Clergyman

188.

Books were the first mass-produced product, speeding the development of:

A.	Magazines	B.	Capitalism
C.	Powerful monarchies throughout Europe	D.	A more powerful literate clergy

189.

Increased leisure time and expendable income are two products of:

A.	Advances in steam-powered printing presses	B.	The decline of literate cultures
C.	The Industrial Revolution	D.	The Protestant Reformation

190.

Literacy is the ability to:

A.	Deliver an effective oral presentation	B.	Participate in trade and commerce
C.	Effectively and efficiently comprehend and utilize a given form of communication	D.	Read and write at a college level