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21.

The injuries are generally caused by:

A.	Unnecessary haste	B.	Use of improper tools
C.	Pruning during the growing season when the bark is loose	D.	All of the above

22.

Harmful effects can also result from:

A.	Pruning trees that are growing very slowly	B.	Removing large branches
C.	Eliminating too much of the live crown	D.	Committing similar errors of judgment
E.	All of the above

23.

Pruning can be highly profitable or extravagantly wasteful, depending on the judgment of the supervisor of the work. The important considerations are:

A.	Choice of species	B.	Choice of stand and site
C.	Growth rate, size and age of tree to be pruned	D.	Number and characteristics of tree to be pruned
E.	All of the above

24.

The major factors of financial as pects of pruning are:

A.	Initial cost	B.	Mortality
C.	Number of years remaining before harvest	D.	Interest rate at which pruning cost is compounded
E.	All of the above

25.

Thinnings is:

A.	A felling made in an immature stand fox the purpose of improving the growth and form of the trees that remain, without permanently breaking the canopy	B.	Cutting made in immature stands in order to stimulate the growth of the trees that remain and to increase the total yield of useful material from the stand are termed thinnings
C.	Both (a) & (b)	D.	None of these

26.

The fundamental objectives of thinning are:

A.	To redistribute the growth potential of the stand to optimum advantage	B.	To utilize all the merchantable material produced by the stand during the rotation
C.	Both (a) & (b)	D.	None of these

27.

Standard tree classification is:

A.	Dominant trees (d)	B.	Suppressed trees (s)
C.	Dead and moribund trees (m)	D.	Diseased trees (k)
E.	All of the above

28.

Dominant tree (D): Including all trees which form the upper most leaf canopy and have their leading shoots free. These are usually sub-divided into:

A.	Predominant trees comprising all the largest trees which determine the general top level of the canopy	B.	Codominant trees which fall short of this, averaging about 5/6th of the height of predminants
C.	Trees with forked leader and similar defects	D.	All of the above

29.

Dominated trees (d) is:

A.	Which do not form part of the upper most leaf canopy	B.	But the leading shoots of which are not definitely overtopped by the neighbouring trees
C.	Both (a) & (b)	D.	None of these

30.

Suppressed trees (S) is:

A.	Which reach only about half to 5/8th of the height of the best trees with their leading shoots definitely overtopped by their neighbours	B.	Al least shaded on all sides by the cm.
C.	A small tree of height typical of suppressed trees standing with its leader free in a chance gap should not be classed as D or d.	D.	All of the above